Under normal circumstances, most people do not have many opportunities to contact Linux, and they know nothing about development under the Linux platform. But the current development trend is showing more and more: whether as an excellent software developer, or a practitioner in the Internet and IT industries, mastering Linux is a very important resource and means of making a living. There are many signs that it is a Nice bonus. Getting started with Linux itself is not very difficult, but the focus is not on Linux knowledge itself, but on whether you have perseverance. Next, I will combine my personal experience of several years to talk about Linux learning methods and some things that should be paid attention to in learning.

cultivate patience, cultivate interest

Interest is the best teacher. I suggest you to explore the advantages and characteristics of Linux. Knowing these can improve your favorability of Linux. Try to understand and learn these advantages and master some basic "black magic". I believe you The heart will slowly be captured by Linux.

Getting started with Linux is actually very simple. The question is whether you can have enough patience, spend the appropriate time and energy to toss, and whether you do not reject the boring and versatile learning method of reinstalling the system. If you don't want to toss, it can be said that you are not good at learning Linux. You must really understand the partition mechanism of Linux and be quite proficient in using LVM. You cannot accumulate Linux installation experience more than 20 times, so you must not be afraid of tossing.

Pick a book and eat it all!

Next, you need to choose a book, and then read it wholeheartedly and absorb it. I have seen many beginners who bought a lot of books at the beginning, or bought a lot of videos, and watched this and that in a while. . However, there is no improvement in technology, so beginners should keep in mind: "Don't look at the height of this mountain, and it will not end at the same time."

Should I choose a book or a video? The efficiency of video is really low. Compared with reading books, I think the efficiency is at least half lower, so I recommend reading books directly, or looking for better introductory posts online. In short, video is not the first choice, if you have a lot of time, it is also possible.

For even a very ordinary book, if you thoroughly understand it, it will bring great progress for beginners. Therefore, I really have to choose one book, and I will not continue with another book if I don’t finish this book or finish it. Regarding Linux books, I recommend "Linux should be learned like this". This book covers the most basic Linux system installation to advanced service deployment, and the content completely covers the scope of the Red Hat RHCSA+RHCE certification exam. Friends who have obtained certificates are also very beneficial. It refines the knowledge of Linux, saves a lot of time for beginners, and can avoid a lot of detours. You can google this book first, look at the catalogue of this book, and then decide whether to use this book or not. I believe you won't be disappointed. If you don't like it, you can choose what you like, but please stick to it.

Next, let's talk about the different stages of learning Linux technology

Beginner entry:

1. Basic commands for Linux operations (such as ls, cd, mkdir, rm...)

2. Linux users, permissions, and their configuration files

3. Linux system process operation and management

4, linux text, file processing commands (such as vim, grep, sed, awk, find and other commands)

5. Basic knowledge of shell scripting (you can write small programs)

6. Use of package management tools such as yum and rpm, and learn to install, manage, and uninstall software

7. Disk storage management, memory management

Advanced upgrade:

1. Basic knowledge of TCP/IP network, know how to configure network, build local area network and repair network problems

2. The most commonly used services of Linux in enterprises and work need to be configured and managed, such as dns, http, ftp, mail, nfs, etc.

3. Firewall operations, such as iptables security policy construction, firewalls to implement packet filtering and forwarding operations

4. The shell script is advanced. At this time, it cannot be just some simple demo cases. It needs to be carried out according to the actual situation.

5. The advanced application of mysql is not only to add, delete, modify and check, but also to understand the optimization of mysql, the configuration of user permissions, and the audit function.

6. Use of system security such as selinux

7. Mainstream server construction and troubleshooting

Advanced boost:

1. Load balancing, master-slave replication and other technologies are inevitable, and have a certain understanding of nginx, lvs, etc.

2. Will build and manage clusters, such as keepalived, etc.

3. Operation and maintenance monitoring Zabbix will use and monitor where problems occur

4. Automated operation and maintenance, can write complex shell scripts and python scripts, etc.

5. Have an understanding and application of cloud computing, such as the current popular docker, openstack have a certain cognition and understanding, also have a clear understanding of kvm and other virtualization technologies

Summarize

The operation and maintenance work is no longer the era of moving servers, carrying switches, and distributing networks. Now the operation and maintenance work should be aimed at "reducing costs and improving user experience". To ensure system stability, high availability, and strong scalability, operation and maintenance engineers are required to have excellent Linux skills. No matter what technology it is, if you don't have a certain interest, facing the software interface and command line every day, it will become very boring and boring for a long time. This is why the interest is placed at the beginning of the article. After a period of time, you may be in a good state, or you may want to give up. I want to say to those who want to give up: learning is a kind of practice.

What's more worth mentioning is whether you do operation and maintenance work in the future. As long as you are in the Internet and software-related industries, Linux is worth learning, because Linux technology is not limited to operation and maintenance workers. Every aspect of life has linux behind it.

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